Zimbabwe may be entering a new phase of its political life, not a break from the past, but an evolution of it.
What we are witnessing is not just an attempt to amend the Constitution, but something deeper, more structural, and more psychological: the emergence of what can be called a PETTY OLIGARCHY, a concentrated network of political power, family influence, and financial control, designed to shape both leadership and the economy over the long term, if not forever.
This is not accidental, but patterned, and at its core, it is driven by something we often ignore: FEAR.
What is a Petty Oligarchy?
A petty oligarchy is not yet a fully consolidated elite class like those seen in larger global economies. It is emerging, forming, positioning itself. It operates through:
- Family consolidation of power
- Control of economic resources
- Strategic placement of loyalists
- Use of money to influence political outcomes
- Controlling State Institutions using money and property
- Gradual weakening of public democratic mechanisms for personal and family aggrandizement, again because of fear of not being in control.
In Zimbabwe’s case, the current ruling establishment around Emmerson Mnangagwa appears, to many observers, to be moving in this direction.
The alleged push to amend the Constitution so that the president is elected by Parliament rather than directly by citizens is a critical indicator.
Why?
Because influencing millions of voters is difficult. Influencing a few hundred legislators is… manageable. Especially when money is abundant.
From Mugabe to Mnangagwa: Evolution of Control
To understand this moment, we must trace its roots. Robert Mugabe held onto power primarily through political control, ideology, party machinery, and state dominance.
His attempts to formalize a one-party state were resisted by figures such as Joshua Nkomo and even Ian Smith in earlier configurations of power dynamics. He failed to institutionalize it fully, though he maintained a de facto dominant-party system, but his control was largely political.
What we are now seeing appears to be an upgrade of the model: Not just political control, but economic capture + political influence by a family. A shift from power retention, to power entrenchment across generations, and we repeat, by a family.
It is important to emphasise the family part especially for those participating and enabling it, because as it unfolds, naturally that who are not part of the nucleus family fall off, either by natural attrition or by intentional removal.
If you want to understand this, just look at how many people who were part of the beginning of this process are no more. Dead or just sidelined, and the main casualty here is the deputy president himself, Gen Chiwenga, who seems to be the sole nemesis of the emerging petty oligarchy.
This is where the oligarchic element comes in.
The Family-State Nexus.
There is a growing perception that, family members are being placed in strategic positions, and close allies (often wealthy or connected business figures) are acting as extensions of political power.
There is a culture of handouts and patronage which is expanding, wealth accumulation being centralized, figures like Wicknell Chivayo are often cited in public discourse as symbols of this new political economy, where wealth, loyalty, and influence intersect and it is clear for all to see that the result is a networked system of control in the areas of, Political office, Economic capital, Social influence, all reinforcing each other.
This is how oligarchies form.
The Psychology Behind It is Fear of Vulnerability, the same fear that drove R.G Mugabe and led to his disastrous term in office and of course his legacy which is playing out now, not just in the collective psyche of the country but also in his children.
But if we stop at politics, we miss the deeper truth. This is not only strategy, but it is psychology. The same thread we saw with Mugabe continues here: the fear of vulnerability.
If I ever lose power and become vulnerable, I will be unsafe, my children will be at the mess of those in power, ad I would rather be in power even when I am dead, be in power in my rave for the sake of my many children, because of course I have many and they will suffer when I am gone.
Colonialism did not just dispossess land, it dispossessed dignity. It taught generations that: Without power, you are unsafe Without control, you are exposed, without dominance, you can be crushed.
This produces a particular kind of leader, who is hyper-vigilant, control-driven, accumulative, suspicious of relinquishing power, and in this frame, power is not just political, it is protection.
And money becomes an extension of that protection. We move from survival to Accumulation. What we may be witnessing is a shift from: Survival-based power, to accumulation-based power where: Political office is no longer enough, and wealth must be built alongside it, and Influence must extend beyond tenure.
That is the nature of an oligarchy now. ED knows he is old and will, by retirement or natural attrition soon be gone and so, the long-term logic becomes: Even if we leave office, power must remain within reach through money and property, a cargo cult.
This is how families become institutions and this is how names become systems. The comparison some make, to families like the Rockefellers or Rothschilds, reflects this idea of multi-generational influence, though Zimbabwe’s version is still forming, still “petty” in scale, but potentially significant in impact and many, especially those enjoying temporary political office now and so, facilitating the entrenchment of power by the ED family, do not understand.
They need to read the script going back to the beginning when the coupe happened, and see that those who were not part of the family will never become a permanent part and when the family feels that they are no longer needed, they just remove them like chess pieces when they have played their part.
Constitutional Change is a Strategic Move, and the proposal to shift presidential election from the public to Parliament is not a neutral administrative adjustment, but is a structural pivot, because:
- Citizens = unpredictable
- Parliamentarians = influenceable, and if an oligarchic network can shape:
Candidate selection
Party loyalty
Financial incentives
Then controlling leadership becomes far easier, and this is why many see this moment as a high stage of state capture, where democracy is not abolished, but redirected through controllable channels.
The Risk: Cementing Trauma
If this trajectory continues unchecked, Zimbabwe risks entering a new cycle:
- Power concentrated
- Wealth centralized
- Citizens disempowered
- Political competition reduced
But beyond politics, there is something deeper, which is the cementing of collective trauma, because fear creates control, control creates suppression, suppression creates resentment, resentment creates future instability, and the cycle continues.
A Mental Fitness Perspective
From a mental fitness lens, this moment is critical because the same forces shaping leadership are shaping citizens: Fear, Anger, Helplessness, Distrust and if not managed, these states lead to, emotional exhaustion, reactionary behaviour, polarization and loss of clarity, and most dangerously, unconscious participation in the same system we oppose, and losing ourselves in it and becoming unconscious participants who are self-destructive.
How Zimbabweans Can Navigate This
This is not a call for passivity, but a call for conscious participation. We need to understand the System and recognize that, power moves are often fear-driven and that control is often a response to insecurity. Understanding does not mean agreeing, but it means seeing clearly.
We desperately need to regulate Before Reacting. Anger is valid but unregulated anger clouds judgment. Zimbabweans need to Practice:
- Pause
- Breathe
- Ground
- Then engage
There is need to stay Informed, not Overwhelmed. Too much exposure to political stress creates burnout. Anyone who wants to emerge intact needs to limit:
Doom-scrolling
Constant outrage cycle and choose, structured, intentional information intake. We cannot afford to ignore thinking long-term
Oligarchic systems are built over time and so must be, resistance, reform, and alternatives. There is need to avoid short-term emotional reactions as the only strategy.
Any Zimbabwean who wants to emerge intact for themselves and posterity must protect their Inner World. You may not control the system, but you control:
- Your thinking
- Your emotional responses
- Your participation, and this is not small, but foundational.
The Bigger Question
Zimbabwe now stands at a crossroads, not just politically, but psychologically and the question is will this become, a country shaped by fear and control, or a country that begins to understand and interrupt its patterns, because the truth is that systems are sustained not only by those in power, but by how citizens respond to power.
Conclusion: Seeing Clearly, Choosing Consciously
What is emerging in Zimbabwe is indeed be a form of petty oligarchy, a network of power, money, and influence consolidating itself for long-term control as a family ultimately and failure to understand that this is about family will lead to a lot of heartbreaks and casualties. But beneath this lies something older:
- Trauma
- Fear
- The need to feel safe
- If we only fight the surface, we miss the root.
And if we miss the root, we repeat the cycle, and the invitation, then, is twofold:
- See the system clearly
- Engage it consciously
Because the greatest risk is not only that oligarchy takes hold but also that, in fighting it unconsciously, we become shaped by the same forces that created it and Zimbabwe deserves better than another repetition.
Bhekilizwe Bernard Ndlovu is a Mental Fitness scholar-practitioner, coach and social innovator focused on leadership, intergenerational trauma and nation-building across workplaces, schools and tertiary institutions in African and global contexts.